In high-rise constructions, finding the optimal routes for electrical conduit and wiring can save plenty of material. There tends to be more design flexibility than with mechanical systems, since electrical circuits use less space and can be routed around obstacles more easily. With the aid of MEP design software, conduit and wiring can be laid out while minimizing total circuit length, and avoiding location conflicts with mechanical and plumbing installations.

Lighting installations are the electrical system with the highest energy consumption in most buildings. LED lighting is frequently recommended by energy consultants, since it achieves typical savings of 30% to 90%, depending on the lamp type replaced. Many design software packages can simulate lighting, to determine the optimal number of fixtures and their layout.

HVAC is an area that requires close collaboration between mechanical and electrical engineers:

• Mechanical engineers calculate the space heating and air conditioning loads, to determine equipment capacities.
• Electrical engineers design the electrical circuits and protection measures that allow this equipment to operate continuously and safely.

Furnaces and boilers are the main HVAC components that use fossil fuels as an energy source. Air conditioners, chillers, air handling systems and hydronic pumps work with electricity in most cases.